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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for juvenile diversion
39 results foundAuthor: Hudson, Nina Title: Wakefield Youth Alcohol Diversion Pilot Program: Final Evaluation Report Summary: This report presents findings of the evaluation of the Wakefield Youth Alcohol Diversion Pilot Program (YARN). YARN is a youth alcohol diversion and community education program to be piloted in regional South Australia from 1 February 2006 to January 2008. The evaluation of YARN was divided into two main components. A process component sought to monitor the process of project implementation, operation and coordination. An outcomes component sought to establish whether YARN 'works'. This report has a primary focus on the outcomes and impact of YARN and a secondary focus on process issues. Details: Adelaide: South Australian Department of Justice, Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2007. 299p. Source: Year: 2007 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 116305 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Irish Youth Justice Service Title: Designing Effective Local Responses to Youth Crime: A Baseline Analysis of the Garda Youth Diversion Projects Summary: Garda Youth Diversion Projects (GYDPs) are one of the measures in place to help reduce youth crime. This report is the first part of an improvement programme for GYDPs, as envisaged by the National Youth Justice Strategy 2008-2010. The report was undertaken to provide an account of youth crime as it occurs in local areas and to analyse how GYDPs intend to impact upon youth offending. The report aims to help secure better outcomes for young people engaged with GYDPs and to make a corresponding impact on youth crime. Details: Dublin: Irish Youth Justice Services, 2009. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: http://www.iyjs.ie/en/IYJS/GYDP%20Baseline%20Report.pdf/Files/GYDP%20Baseline%20Report.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Ireland URL: http://www.iyjs.ie/en/IYJS/GYDP%20Baseline%20Report.pdf/Files/GYDP%20Baseline%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 116376 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Jacobson, Jessica Title: Making Amends: Restorative Youth Justice in Northern Ireland Summary: The Youth Conference Service, established in Northern Ireland in 2003, placed restorative justice at the heart of the youth justice system, integrated within both the prosecution and sentencing processes. Since then, the number of young people engaged in youth conferencing has grown year on year and, to date, more than 5,500 referrals have been made to the service. There is sound evidence that victims who attend conferences express high-levels of satisfaction with the process and outcomes, and levels of participation are reasonably high. There are encouraging signs that youth conferencing is leading to a reduction in reoffending rates. The establishment of the Youth Conference Service has also contributed to an overall decline in the use of custody for young offenders, and to an increasing rate of diversion of young people out of the formal criminal justice process. This report, commissioned as part of the Prison Reform Trust’s strategy to reduce child and youth imprisonment in the UK, explores the experience and impact of youth conferencing in Northern Ireland and looks at the potential benefits of introducing a similar model to the youth justice system in England and Wales. Details: London: Prison Reform Trust, 2009. 24p. Source: Internet Resource" Accessed September 13, 2010 at: http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/uploads/documents/making_amends.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/uploads/documents/making_amends.pdf Shelf Number: 119785 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersRecidivismRestorative JusticeYouth Conferencing |
Author: New Mexico Sentencing Commission Title: A Review of Juvenile Justice Programs in New Mexico Summary: The purpose of this literature review is to report on best practices in the area of juvenile justice intervention programs, focused on the four distinct program types that are the subject of this review, namely reception and assessment centers, restorative justice panels, girls circles, and day reporting centers. Details: Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Sentencing Commission, 2010. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2010 at: http://nmsc.unm.edu/nmsc_reports/ Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://nmsc.unm.edu/nmsc_reports/ Shelf Number: 119914 Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration, JuvenilesIntervention Programs (New Mexico)Juvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersJuvenile Rehabilitation |
Author: Allard, Troy Title: The Use and Impact of Police Diversion for Reducing Indigenous Over-Representation Summary: This report presents the findings of a project that explored whether there was disparity in the use of police diversion based on Indigenous status and whether the impact of police diversion varied based on Indigenous status. While police cautioning and police referred conferencing are widely used throughout Australia, few studies have explored whether there is disparity in the use or impact of these diversionary processes. Limited evidence suggests that Indigenous young people are less likely to be diverted than non-Indigenous young people and that Indigenous young people are more likely to have recontact than non-Indigenous young people, regardless of the juvenile justice system response. Given that Indigenous over-representation is a perennial problem in the justice system, the current project addressed three research questions: RQ1: What is the extent of Indigenous over-representation in the Queensland juvenile justice system? RQ2: Are Indigenous young people less likely to be diverted by police to a caution or conference than non-Indigenous young people? RQ3: How effective is police diversion at reducing recontact with the juvenile justice system? Addressing these research questions will provide an understanding about whether an increased proportion of Indigenous people could be diverted and whether police diversionary practices could be used to reduce Indigenous over-representation and begin to ‘close the gap’ on Indigenous over-representation in the justice system. Details: Mt. Gravatt, Australia: Griffith University, Justice Modelling, 2009. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Report to the Criminology Research Council: Grant: CRC 15/07-08: Accessed October 14, 2010 at: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/15-0708.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/15-0708.pdf Shelf Number: 119959 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationIndigenous PeoplesJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders |
Author: South Australia. Attorney-General's Department. Office of Crime Statistics and Research Title: Youth CARDS Final Evaluation Report Summary: This report presents findings of the evaluation of the Youth Court Assessment and Referral Drug Scheme (CARDS). The evaluation of CARDS was undertaken from July 2005 to December 2006. As far as is possible within the timeframe, the evaluation focused on both process and outcomes. The process evaluation sought to monitor and record key aspects of the implementaion, coordination and operation of Youth CARDS. The outcome evaluation sought to establish the extent to which the aims and intended outcomes of Youth CARDS had been achieved in its pilot period. The evaluation was based on a mixed methods approach incorporating qualitative and quantitative techniques using a range of data collection methods. Details: Adelaide: Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2008. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 6, 2010 at: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/YouthCARDSFinalEvaluationReport.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/YouthCARDSFinalEvaluationReport.pdf Shelf Number: 120394 Keywords: Drug OffendersDrug TreatmentJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (Australia)Recidivism |
Author: Bontrager, Stephanie Title: Redirection Services in Florida: One-Year Outcomes Summary: In 2004, the Florida Legislature funded a pilot program to address the growing number of juvenile offenders committed to residential programs for non-law violations of probation. A non-law violation of probation results when a youth fails to adhere to court-ordered probation requirements, such as breaking curfew, skipping school, or engaging in other non-criminal acts prohibited by the terms of probation. The pilot initiative was designed to divert, or redirect, these non-law violators from residential placement to community-based treatments. Under this Redirection Initiative, the following two commitment alternatives are available for youth meeting specified eligibility criteria: Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Functional Family Therapy (FFT). Prior research suggests that both of these programs are successful in preventing youth violence and delinquency. The purpose of the current evaluation is to assess the effectiveness of Redirection services in reducing recidivism. Recidivism is defined here as a subsequent juvenile adjudication or adult conviction within one year of program release. Additionally adult and juvenile outcomes include felony adjudication or conviction, arrest and felony arrest within one year of service completion. All youth released from and completing MST or FFT services or low, moderate or high-restrictiveness commitment programming between February 2005 and August 31, 2006 are examined in this evaluation. The effectiveness of Redirection was determined by comparing those completing Redirection programs to those in residential facilities. Finally, a cost analysis was prepared to demonstrate the potential financial savings of Redirection as an alternative to residential placement. The results demonstrate that: Youth who complete Redirection programming have better recidivism outcomes when compared to youth released from residential programming; Redirection youth are less likely to have a subsequent conviction or adjudication, and; The odds of felony adjudication or conviction are substantially lower for Redirection completers than residential placements. • Redirection services save the state approximately $27,059 per completion when compared to those completing low, moderate and high-risk residential placements; Diverting just 75 youth from residential to Redirection services has the potential to save the state over two million dollars. Redirection services are consistently linked to lower recidivism and significantly lower felony adjudication or conviction when contrasted with commitment placements. Furthermore, Redirection programming achieves these positive outcomes at considerably lower cost than more restrictive residential services. These outcomes collectively demonstrate that Redirection is a valuable and cost-effective alternative to committing youth to residential facilities. Details: Tallahassee, FL: Evidence-Based Assoicates, 2007. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 13, 2010 at: http://www.evidencebasedassociates.com/what_we_do/redirection/2007_jrc_outcome_evaluation.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: http://www.evidencebasedassociates.com/what_we_do/redirection/2007_jrc_outcome_evaluation.pdf Shelf Number: 120487 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (Florida)RecidivismRehabilitation |
Author: Northern Ireland. Criminal Justice Inspection Title: Youth Diversion: A Thematic Inspection of Youth Diversion in the Criminal Justice System in Northern Ireland Summary: Youth diversion in Northern Ireland is an important element in the overall approach to youth justice. Preventing young people from becoming involved in offending behaviour, or diverting them away from the formal justice system is not just an issue for the criminal justice system but one for the whole of society. It also involves a wide range of Government departments including Education, Health and Social Services. This inspection examined the role of the criminal justice agencies in dealing with young people who have offended and who meet the criteria for diversion as an alternative to prosecution. In Northern Ireland a lower proportion of young people under 18 convicted of committing crimes receive custodial sentences in comparison with England and Wales. The inspection found that criminal justice agencies were using restorative practice as the principal means of avoiding criminalising young people early in their lives. Youth diversion based on restorative practices is well embedded in policing principles through the system of informed warnings and restorative cautions. The Youth Justice Agency (YJA) takes the lead in restorative practice and the Youth Conference Service (YCS) is well established and has gained international repute. The appointment of specialist youth prosecutors by the Public Prosecution Service (PPS) should help to ensure that decisions taken about the method of disposal are done so with cognizance to all relevant issues. However, to deliver the best outcomes for young people as regards offending behaviour, there needs to be a co-ordination of effort across departments. There should be cross-departmental governance of the justice element of the 10-year Strategy for Children and Young People to achieve better buy-in and co-ordination of effort. The strategy should also be used to routinely draw together the justice agencies and other relevant public sector organisations as part of an overall approach. We will be returning to this theme in our forthcoming inspection of Youth Interventions. Details: Belfast: Criminal Justice Inspection Northern Ireland, 2011. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 28, 2011 at: http://www.cjini.org/CJNI/files/84/84f3c172-d935-4938-944c-7aca7b6ab679.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cjini.org/CJNI/files/84/84f3c172-d935-4938-944c-7aca7b6ab679.pdf Shelf Number: 122193 Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration (Juvenile Offenders)Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (Northern Ireland) |
Author: Laureus Sport for Good Foundation Title: Teenage Kicks: The Value of Sport in Tackling Youth Crime Summary: This report assesses the economic value of three sports projects aimed at tackling gang violence and youth crime in the UK. Each project is using sport to reach out to and engage young people at different stages along the criminal pathway. The results of the study clearly demonstrate that sport is not only a successful mechanism; it is also a cost-effective way to tackle the problem of youth crime and gang violence. Take the Boxing Academy in Tottenham, which is a sports-based alternative to ‘Pupil Referral Units’ (centres for children who are not able to attend a mainstream or special school). The ethos of the Academy is to instil discipline and respect through the experience of structured physical activity, shared goals and positive peer groups. It works in partnership with other youth support and social welfare organisations in the area and there are a number of local mentors and role models in the coaching team. Our new report found that young people attending this project are more likely to achieve qualifications than their peers in Pupil Referral Units, and less likely to reoffend. What’s more, the Boxing Academy costs half as much to run as a traditional Pupil Referral Unit, despite achieving better results. Details: London: Laureus Sport for Good Foundation, 2011. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 22, 2011 at: http://www.laureus.com/files/Teenage%20Kicks_Report_FINAL.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.laureus.com/files/Teenage%20Kicks_Report_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 122430 Keywords: Delinquency PreventionJuvenile DelinquencyJuvenile DiversionSports (U.K.) |
Author: Lai, Annie Title: Protecting What Works: Juvenile Diversion in Maricopa County Summary: In 2010, four percent of Arizona’s youth, or 41,040 juveniles, received at least one delinquency referral to the juvenile justice system. About half of these youth had not had any previous contact with the justice system, and 66 percent were referred for misdemeanors or status offenses. Fortunately, the rate of juveniles referred to the justice system who are being diverted is on the rise. Diversion is a process by which juveniles can avoid formal court processing, and therefore, a delinquency record, by successfully completing one or more diversion “consequences.” The consequences can range from writing an apology to community service, counseling, or teen court. In 2010, 46% of the youth referred were diverted. Two-thirds of the youth diverted had never been referred to the court before. More than 86% of these youth had one prior referral or less, and 83% were referred for non-felony offenses. The concept of diversion has been around since the early days of the juvenile justice system. It is based on evidence that processing youth offenders through the court system can do more harm than good. Indeed, court involvement for low-level offenders has been shown to be related to lower educational attainment, more limited employment prospects and higher rates of reoffending. By handling such cases outside of the formal system, courts and prosecutors can avoid exacerbating these effects and also reduce the strain on overloaded dockets. In 1967, partly in response to concerns that processing youth through the formal system could lead to further delinquency, the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice called on communities to establish local youth agencies or bureaus that could serve as an alternative to putting youths through court. The Commission’s recommendation led to a proliferation in diversion programs in the late 1960s and 1970s. Today, most diversion programs are no longer sustained by federal grants, but by state and local funding sources. As these budgets continue to get slashed, policy-makers will undoubtedly face pressure to reduce the investment in good quality diversion programs and shift more of the cost onto the families of referred youth who may not be able to afford the cost. This would be a mistake. Diversion offers an important opportunity for many young people who, with limited intervention, need never return to the juvenile justice system. By investing in diversion, we not only increase the chance that these youth will succeed, but also save money over the long run and enhance public safety. In 2010, following the announcement of some significant changes to the diversion program by the local county attorney’s office, the ACLU of Arizona undertook an investigation of juvenile diversion in Maricopa County. Maricopa County contains 60% of the state’s population and is home to the large metropolitan community of Phoenix. It handles just over half of the state’s juvenile referrals and an almost equal share of the diversion. As part of its investigation, the ACLU of Arizona examined data from the juvenile court, probation department and two private contractors that were retained by the Maricopa County Attorney’s Office (MCAO) to provide fee-based diversion services. The ACLU also interviewed court and probation department staff, juvenile defenders, a juvenile prosecutor, and representatives from the private companies. This paper presents the findings and recommendations of the investigation. Details: Phoenix: American Civil Liberties Union of Arizona, 2011. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 19, 2011 at: http://www.acluaz.org/sites/default/files/documents/ACLU%20Juvenile%20Diversion%202011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.acluaz.org/sites/default/files/documents/ACLU%20Juvenile%20Diversion%202011.pdf Shelf Number: 123411 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (Arizona) |
Author: Dunworth, Terence Title: Y2 Final Report: Evaluation of the Los Angeles Gang Reduction and Youth Development Program Summary: In April 2009 the Urban Institute (Washington, D.C), in partnership with Harder+Company (Los Angeles, CA), was contracted by the Office of the Mayor of Los Angeles to conduct a multi-year evaluation of the Mayor’s Gang Reduction and Youth Development Program (GRYD). This is the second report of the evaluation. It builds upon the process and preliminary outcome findings reported in 2010, and extends them through April, 2011. The main report contains detailed analyses of the self-reported changes in the attitudes and delinquent/criminal behaviors of a sample of 902at risk youth enrolled in programs focused on preventing gang-joining, compared to a sample of 248 youth who were referred to the program but were not enrolled. Details: Washington, DC: Justice Policy Center, Urban Institute; Los Angeles, CA: Harder+Company, Community Research, 2011. 72p. Source: Research Report: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 27, 2012 at http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412409-Evaluation-of-the-Los-Angeles-Gang-Reduction-and-Youth-Development.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412409-Evaluation-of-the-Los-Angeles-Gang-Reduction-and-Youth-Development.pdf Shelf Number: 123840 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersYouth Gangs (Los Angeles)Youth Violence Prevention |
Author: Petrosino, Anthony Title: Formal System Processing of Juveniles: Effects on Delinquency Summary: Justice practitioners have tremendous discretion when handling juvenile offenders who have committed minor crimes. Police officers, district attorneys, juvenile court intake officers, juvenile and family court judges and other officials decide whether the youth should be "officially processed" by the juvenile justice system of diverted from the system to a program, counseling, other services - or simply released. An important policy question is which strategy leads to the best outcome for juveniles. When examining the impact of juvenile system processing and whether it reduces subsequent delinquency, the authors reviewed studies that included more than 7,300 juveniles across 29 experiments reported over a 35-year period. Based on the evidence presented, not only does formal processing of juveniles appear not to control crime, it actually seems to increase delinquency. Details: Oslo: Campbell Collaboration, 2010. 88p. Source: Cambell Systematic Reviews 2010:1, Internet Resource: Accessed February 14, 2012 at www.campbellcollaboration.org/lib/download/761/ Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 118215 Keywords: Administration of JusticeCase ManagementCase ProcessingJuvenile DelinquecyJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Haines, A. Title: Evaluation of the Youth Justice Liaison and Diversion (YJLD) Pilot Scheme: Final Report Summary: In 2007 the Department commissioned a pilot programme of six pilot schemes for improvement in health provision within the youth justice system and provision of help for children and young people Getting it right for children, young people and families with a range of health needs including mental health and developmental problems, speech and communication difficulties, learning disabilities. These young people were screened for health needs, supported into services, and where possible diverted away from the formal youth justice system. The pilot programme was managed in partnership with the Centre for Mental Health and pilot schemes were based in Lewisham, Halton and Warrington, Peterborough, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelesa, South Tees and Wolverhampton. Liverpool University was commissioned to produce an independent academic evaluation of the pilots, to measure their effectiveness in improving health and reduce offending behaviour. The final report, published in March 2012, will inform the National Liaison and Diversion Programme, as part of the Government’s commitment, to ensure that liaison and diversion services for all ages should be available on a national basis from 2014. Details: Liverpool, U.K.: University of Liverpool, 2012. 201p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 21, 2012 at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_133007.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_133007.pdf Shelf Number: 124627 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (U.K.)Learning DisabilitiesMental Health Services |
Author: McLaren, Kaye Title: Alternative Actions that Work: A Review of the Research on Police Warnings and Alternative Actions with Children and Young People Summary: Alternative Actions that Work’ is a review of research on ‘what works’ in Police Warnings and Alternative Actions with children and young people who offend. The emphasis of the review is on the practical implications for those in the field. ‘Alternative Actions that Work’ links high quality international research with each step of the Police youth Alternative Action and Warning processes in New Zealand. The document is in two sections, beginning with an overview of Police youth diversion systems in New Zealand and overseas. The second section draws on international and New Zealand research on Police diversion and restorative justice and describes 23 effectiveness principles, starting with overarching principles, followed by principles that relate to the various stages of the youth diversion process. These effectiveness principles have been distilled into 11 key findings that are outlined below. Details: Wellington, NZ: Police Youth Services Group, New Zealand Police, 2011. 118p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2012 at: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/Young_People_and_Crime/Alternative_Actions_2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/Young_People_and_Crime/Alternative_Actions_2011.pdf Shelf Number: 126881 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (New Zealand)Restorative Justice |
Author: Ringland, Clare Title: Police Use of Court Alternatives for Young Persons in NSW Summary: Aim: To measure the level of variation across the NSW Police Force’s Local Area Commands (LACs) in the proportion of young persons diverted from court, before and after adjusting for factors police may consider when deciding how to proceed against a young person. Method: Between July 2010 and June 2011, for each LAC in NSW, the number of cases involving young persons that police dealt with by caution or conference referral was calculated as a proportion of all cases proceeded against by caution, conference or court. Factors associated with whether or not a case was diverted from court were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Results: Excluding ineligible cases, the rate of diversion per LAC ranged between 31 and 95 per cent, with 85 per cent of LACs diverting at least 70 per cent of their eligible cases. Additionally, both before and after taking into account factors that police may consider when deciding whether or not to divert, the amount of variation in police use of diversionary options attributable to LAC was small (less than 5%). Conclusion: Variation across LACs in the police use of diversionary options was small. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2013. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, no. 167: Accessed February 21, 2013 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB167.pdf/$file/CJB167.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB167.pdf/$file/CJB167.pdf Shelf Number: 127684 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (Australia)Youth Offenders Act 1997 |
Author: Hickert, Audrey O. Title: Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Diversion Assessment: Fiscal Year 2009 Juvenile Court Referrals Summary: The Utah Criminal Justice Center (UCJC) has assisted the Utah Board of Juvenile Justice’s (UBJJ) Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Advisory Committee with calculating the DMC Relative Rate Index (RRI) since Fiscal Year (FY) 2003. The RRI has consistently shown DMC at the point of diversion in the juvenile justice system. Minority youth have a lower rate of diversion than White youth after being referred to juvenile court. Because of this ongoing disparity, the UBJJ DMC Advisory Committee asked UCJC to study the factors that may influence the disproportionately lower rate of diversion for minority youth. This assessment seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What are diversion criteria? 2. How many episodes meet diversion criteria? 3. How many of diversion-qualified episodes are diverted by RRI categories? How many of diversion-qualified episodes are not diverted by RRI categories? 4. How do those that are not diverted differ from those that are? a. By delinquency history b. By presenting offense severity & type c. By risk (pending availability of PSRA & PRA on this group) d. Stratified by age 5. What is the failure rate of diverted/not-diverted (but qualified) episodes by RRI categories? a. Failure rate = diverted cases turned to petitioned (pending availability of data) b. Failure rate = any new referral within 12 months of diversion. This assessment was comprised of two main research tasks: 1) the compilation of diversion policy and practices, and 2) the analysis of juvenile court CARE data to examine diversion rates in relation to diversion policies and practices, youth and case factors, and minority status. Details: Salt Lake City: University of Utah, Utah Criminal Justice Center, 2011. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2013 at: http://ucjc.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/DMC_Diversion_082311.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://ucjc.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/DMC_Diversion_082311.pdf Shelf Number: 129528 Keywords: Disproportionate Minority ContactJuvenile CourtJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (Utah, U.S.)Minority Groups |
Author: Crisler, Lane Title: Recidivism within Salt Lake Peer Court:A Program Evaluation of Salt Lake Peer Court based on Recidivism Analysis Between Salt Lake Peer Court and the Juvenile Division of Salt Lake City Justice Courts Summary: Background - The younger an individual begins criminal behavior the more costly that individual is to society. - The value of diverting a youth from a lifetime of crime ranges from $2.6 to $5.3 million in 2008 (Cohen M. A., 2009). - Intended to divert youth becoming career criminals, peer courts attempt to leverage the social influence peers have over one another in order to implement restorative justice practices. - Salt Lake Peer Court (SLPC) began in 1993, as peer courts were just emerging in the juvenile justice arena. -- The, program managed 40 youth offender cases and required 15 volunteers. -- Currently, program handles approximately 300 youth offender cases and requires over 120 volunteers. Research - This study analyzed calendar year SLPC cases from 2007 through 2011. - 1101 cases were analyzed (Male=618, Female=467, Unidentified=16). - Of the 1101 cases, 60% of SLPC deferred youth had juvenile court records, disproportionately weighted by males (Male=406, Female=260). - This study seeks to identify characteristics of youth offenders who are most likely to recidivate to Juvenile Court within one year of being deferred to SLPC. - Dependent Variables = ordinal or binary recidivism variables. - Independent Variables = demographics, offenses, sentences, sentence completion, and sentence length. Program Recommendations - Improve treatment for substance abuse and violence offenders. - Attempt to identify benefits of case management. - Develop crisis management plan to help facilitate contract completion. - Emphasize role of SLPC as first point of contact for juvenile offenders - Develop metrics, improve data control , administer follow up surveys Details: Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah, 2013. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 13, 2014 at: http://www.globalyouthjustice.org/uploads/Peer_Court_Research.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.globalyouthjustice.org/uploads/Peer_Court_Research.pdf Shelf Number: 131899 Keywords: Juvenile CourtsJuvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersRecidivismTeen Courts |
Author: Wilson, Pam Elizabeth Title: Program Evaluation of the Monongalia County Teen Court Summary: A review of the history of the juvenile courts would not be complete without mention of teen courts. Teen courts are juvenile diversion programs which allow first time offenders with minor offenses a second chance. Instead of facing the traditional court system, these juveniles are given the opportunity to go before a jury of their peers and complete a sentence that jury imposes. If the juvenile offender completes their sentence in the allotted time, their juvenile record is expunged and they are given the opportunity to ‗start over. Teen courts have been in existence since the 1970s and received national recognition in the 1990s. Teen courts have played a significant role in rehabilitating juvenile offenders and teaching youth volunteers and offenders about the court system. Juvenile offenders are also given the opportunity to serve their community in a constructive way, which gives them a chance to reengage in a positive way. This research project is a program evaluation of the Monongalia County teen court located in Morgantown, West Virginia. This study has looked at the preexisting data set available for juveniles who have been sentenced through this court from 2002-2009. The statistical analysis will give basic information for the program and will make recommendations based on analysis for future improvements. Details: Fairmont, WV: Fairmont State University, 2010. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed April 22, 2014 at: http://www.globalyouthjustice.org/uploads/Monongalia_Teen_Court.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.globalyouthjustice.org/uploads/Monongalia_Teen_Court.pdf Shelf Number: 132125 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationJuvenile CourtsJuvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersTeen Courts |
Author: Hobbs, Anne Title: Evaluation fo the Lancaster County Alternatives to Juvenile Detention Summary: In June 2009, the Juvenile Justice Institute (JJI) was contracted to evaluate four of Lancaster County's Juvenile Justice Programs: Cedars Day Reporting Center, Cedars Evening Reporting Center, Project HIRE, and Cedars Juvenile Diversion. Each of these was identified as a detention alternative. The Institute was further charged with addressing three research questions: - Are detention alternatives keeping youth out of detention and; thereby, saving taxpayers money? - Are Lancaster County's detention alternative programs using "evidence based models" and, if so, have they been implemented with fidelity? - Are there other evidence-based programs that research has shown to be effective with this population? In addition, Lancaster County hoped to examine whether youth who complete these programs committed new legal offenses and ended up more deeply entrenched in the juvenile justice system. At the time of this report, the Lancaster County juvenile justice coordinator did not have access to the Nebraska Criminal Justice Information System (NCJIS) to examine recidivism. Access alone does not answer the question of recidivism with accuracy. If Lancaster County plans to utilize recidivism as a long term measure, they must uniformly define the terminology and grant the coordinator access. Although some definitions of recidivism are proposed in this report from across the nation, determining how stable a youth is offers information potentially more useful that simple recidivism. Results from Lancaster County's use of the Youth Stability Reporting Instrument are included; these offer us new ways to examine a juvenile's potential for re-offending. One of the key findings and primary obstacles to this evaluation was the lack of coordinated data systems. This obstacle echoes a finding of the 2007 evaluation of the Juvenile Justice System in Lancaster County. In that report, the Institute noted that gaps exist in the coordination and documentation of juvenile justice interventions utilized in serving young offenders. Although Lancaster County made significant progress in many of the priorities identified in the prior report, the lack of coordinated and consistent data collection continues to be a problem. The gap in documentation made it impossible to provide an in-depth assessment of cost savings realized through the use of detention alternatives. Despite concerns regarding the lack of data, our findings demonstrate that Lancaster County Detention Alternative Programs are using many of the evidence-based practices defined by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). These programs appear to be effective in preventing youth from going deeper into the juvenile justice system. Details: Omaha, NE: Juvenile Justice Institute, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 2010. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 15, 2014 at: http://www.unomaha.edu/juvenilejustice/pdf/Eval_of_Lan_Cty_Alternatives_to_Detention.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.unomaha.edu/juvenilejustice/pdf/Eval_of_Lan_Cty_Alternatives_to_Detention.pdf Shelf Number: 132367 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationDay Reporting CentersJuvenile DetentionJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice SystemJuvenile Offenders (Nebraska) |
Author: Dumont, Robyn Title: Maine Juvenile Recidivism Report. 2013 Summary: This report summarizes the data for four groups of youth involved with the Department of Juvenile Services (DJS) between the years of 2006 and 2011. The four groups are as follows: Diverted Youth: These youth have been referred to the juvenile justice system but then formally diverted by a Juvenile Community Corrections Officer (JCCO). Diversions include sole sanctions, no further actions, and informal adjustments. Youth who are successfully diverted do not continue on through the juvenile justice system. They may, however, be placed back into the justice system should diversion be determined ineffective. Supervised Youth: These youth have had formal charges brought against them, been found delinquent in a juvenile court, and placed under DJS supervision (either in the community or in a facility). Committed Youth: These youth have had formal charges brought against them, been found delinquent in a juvenile court, and placed in a secure juvenile facility. Discharged Youth: These youth have had formal charges brought against them, been found delinquent in a juvenile court, placed under DJS supervision (either in the community or in a facility), and then released. This report includes analysis of youth demographics, offense class and type, Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS‐CMI) completion rates and risk levels, recidivism rates1 and county‐level data. The time component of recidivism is different for each group (please see individual report sections), but recidivism for all groups is defined in terms of whether an adjudicated youth is re‐adjudicated (as a juvenile) or convicted (as an adult) for an offense committed past the time point indicated for the particular group. This report contains separate analyses for each of the four groups as well as an overview section. Details: Augusta: Maine Department of Corrections, 2013. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 13, 2014 at: http://statedocs.maine.gov/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=doc_docs Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://statedocs.maine.gov/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=doc_docs Shelf Number: 133036 Keywords: Juvenile Corrections Juvenile Detention Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders (Maine) Recidivism |
Author: KPMG Title: Review of the Youth Justice Group Conferencing Program: Final Report Summary: Group conferencing is a program based on restorative justice principles. It is a problem-solving approach to offending that aims to balance the needs of young people, victims and the community by encouraging dialogue between individuals who have offended and their victims. The aim of the Victorian program is to provide a community rehabilitation intervention to the Children's Court at the pre-sentence stage, in order to: - Divert the young person from more intensive supervisory court outcomes by raising their understanding of the impact of their offending on the victim and utilising the resources of the immediate and extended family and/or significant others to support the young person - Reduce frequency and seriousness of re-offending of young people referred to the program - Increase victim satisfaction with the criminal justice process Effectively integrate young people into the community following the conference process. KPMG conducted a review of the Youth Justice Group Conferencing Program between September 2009 and September 2010 to determine the effectiveness of the Program in meeting its stated aims since operations commenced in 2003, as well as to provide the Department of Human Services with recommendation to improve the Program's operation. Details: Melbourne: Victoria Department of Human Services, 2010. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 13, 2014 at: http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/675564/review-youth-group-conferencing-report-2011.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/675564/review-youth-group-conferencing-report-2011.pdf Shelf Number: 133041 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersRehabilitation ProgramRestorative Justice (Australia)Youth Group Conferencing |
Author: Daly, Elizabeth Title: Alternatives to Secure Youth Detention in Tasmania Summary: The Alternatives to Secure Youth Detention in Tasmania Inquiry originated from a request by the Minister for Children to the Commissioner for Children for advice in relation to the role of secure detention within Tasmania's youth justice system. - This Inquiry is part of a much broader review of the Youth Justice system in Tasmania, currently being undertaken by the Department of Health and Human Services. - Ashley Youth Detention Centre is the only secure detention centre for youth offenders (both sentenced and unsentenced) in Tasmania. - The Inquiry found that: - Only a very low percentage of Tasmanian youth commit crime - The trend in numbers of young offenders and those who are detained at Ashley Youth Detention Centre (including those on remand) has declined over the last 5 years. - On an average day in 2011-2012, there were 21 young people in Ashley or 94 over the year. - Ashley takes up a disproportionately high percentage of the Youth Justice budget in Tasmania - approximately $10 million - despite the lack of evidence to suggest it is effective in deterring young offenders or that it promotes and facilitates reintegration into the community upon release. - The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child recognises the importance of diverting young offenders from the criminal justice system. It also provides that detention should only be used as a last resort and for the shortest possible period of time. - The Recommendations made in this Report are consistent with these fundamental principles. Details: Hobart, Tasmania: Commissioner for Children, 2013. 156p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2014 at: http://www.childcomm.tas.gov.au/wp-content/files_mf/1377130036AlternativestoSecureYouthDetentionFINAL2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.childcomm.tas.gov.au/wp-content/files_mf/1377130036AlternativestoSecureYouthDetentionFINAL2013.pdf Shelf Number: 129890 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationJuvenile Detention (Tasmania)Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice PolicyJuvenile Justice SystemJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Lord Carlile of Berriew Title: Independent Parliamentarians' Inquiry into the Operation and Effectiveness of the Youth Court Summary: The Parliamentary Inquiry into the Operation and Effectiveness of the Youth Court was launched in September 2013. It seeks to determine whether the system of criminal courts for children who offend is meeting its stated aim of preventing offending and having regard to the welfare of the children that appear before them. The inquiry received a total of 55 written submissions and heard from 43 witnesses; these included academics, practitioners, policy makers and young people. Challenges and opportunities - We heard that reductions in the number of children entering the system and coming to court as well as closures of courts has created particular challenges. A key issue of concern is that children are increasingly likely to appear in adult magistrates' courts when they are detained overnight and over the weekend, because there will be no youth court sitting. We were informed too that the youth courts are seeing a greater concentration of children with complex needs in court, likely due to the success in reducing the number of children coming into the system for low level matters. However, the decrease in critical mass offers an opportunity to better focus resources on improving the system for child defendants, victims and their families. Diversion - There was wide support for high levels of diversion among inquiry respondents, with many referring to the strong body of evidence that contact with the criminal justice system can increase the likelihood of offending. There was concern that out-of-court diversion schemes share some of the same negative features as formal system contact, such as Disclosure and Barring Service disclosures, and that this was often not made sufficiently clear to children. Most believed that diversion was effectively preventing children from entering the criminal courts system unnecessarily. However a number of responses argued that some children were still "falling through the net", leading to unnecessary prosecution, particularly children in care. Addressing underlying needs - Submissions emphasised that children's offending flows from a wide range of needs. There was a widely held view that welfare services are often failing to address such needs, which results in children falling into the youth justice system, and struggling to free themselves from it. Particular concern was expressed that resource constraints on children's social services are such that only the most acute cases receive support - typically babies and young children - while vulnerable older children are left out. Involvement of Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) frequently has the effect of further raising the threshold for support, as there is often a perception that YOTs should be the sole body tackling the welfare needs of children who offend. A number of organisations reported that there had been some improvement in children's services involvement with children who offend following the introduction of new remand arrangements. However, it is often the case that courts are only able to focus on the offence, and not the child and the wider circumstances contributing to their behaviour. Lack of engagement and understanding - Submissions highlighted young people's lack of understanding of proceedings or language, owing to the prevalence of neuro-developmental disorders and other problems, that hinder participation and the lack of any systematic court processes to identify these. Additional factors that impede child defendant's understanding include their young age and developmental immaturity and the fact that the cohort of children in the youth court have had fewer educational opportunities. Specialisation - Magistrates and District Judges in youth proceedings must undergo specialist youth training, yet there are no such requirements for defence practitioners or Crown Court judges. Youth specialist prosecutors are only used for part of the court process. To compound the issue, the youth court is often used as a place for legal practitioners to "cut their teeth" and Crown Court judges tend to have little experience of dealing with youth cases. Respondents were virtually unanimous in their belief that all practitioners in youth proceedings should have youth specialist training; many believed that this should be a mandatory requirement. Crown Court - The overwhelming majority of responses argued that the Crown Court was inappropriate for children; its intimidating nature and lack of youth specific expertise was said to prevent effective sentencing and participation and, ultimately, contravene the right of children to a fair trial. There was subsequently strong support for a presumption retaining youth cases in the youth court. The role of the youth court - The prevailing view was that youth proceedings are struggling to meet their principal aim of preventing offending and their duty to have regard to the welfare of the child. Criminal courts do not possess the means to address the wide range of welfare issues that so often underlie a child's offending. There was subsequently wide support for the adoption of a more problem-solving approach to children who offend. Key recommendations - - We recommend that Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunal Service direct all magistrates' courts to introduce a rota system, to ensure that a senior youth magistrate or youth ticketed District Judge is always sitting in the adult magistrates' court when the youth court is not in session - Children who have committed non-serious and non-violent offences, who have stopped offending, should have their criminal record expunged when they turn 18. - We recommend that all legal practitioners representing children at the police station and practising in youth proceedings be accredited to do so. - There should be a clear presumption "in law" that all child defendants are dealt with in the youth court. - We recommend the piloting of a problem solving approach in court for children, which would include judicial monitoring and continuity in cases, and powers to ensure children's underlying needs are met. - We advocate building upon the existing referral order to place greater emphasis on the involvement of victims as well as the participation of families and wider support services to enable the process to address the harm of the offence as well as its underlying causes. The "Problem Solving Conference" would be available to under-16s coming to court and should be initially piloted. Details: London: National Children's Bureau, 2014. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 25, 2014 at: http://www.ncb.org.uk/media/1148432/independent_parliamentarians__inquiry_into_the_operation_and_effectiveness_of_the_youth_court.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ncb.org.uk/media/1148432/independent_parliamentarians__inquiry_into_the_operation_and_effectiveness_of_the_youth_court.pdf Shelf Number: 134242 Keywords: Juvenile Court SystemJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice ReformJuvenile Justice Systems (U.K.)Juvenile OffendersProblem-Solving CourtsYouthful Offenders |
Author: Stewart, Jacqueline Title: Indigenous Youth Justice Programs Evaluation Summary: Diversion from the youth justice system is a critical goal for addressing the overrepresentation of Indigenous young people in the criminal justice system. In this report, four programs that were already being implemented by states and territories and identified by them under the National Indigenous Law & Justice Framework as promising practice in diversion are examined. The programs were evaluated, as part of a broader initiative, to determine whether and on what basis they represent good practice (ie are supported by evidence). State and territory governments nominated the programs for evaluation. The four programs sit at different points along a continuum, ranging from prevention (addressing known risk factors for offending behaviour, such as disengagement from family, school, community or culture), early intervention (with identified at-risk young people), diversion (diverting from court process - usually for first or second time offenders) and tertiary intervention (treatment to prevent recidivism): - Aboriginal Power Cup (South Australia)- a sports-based program for engaging Indigenous young people in education and providing positive role models (prevention). - Tiwi Islands Youth Development and Diversion Unit (Northern Territory) - a diversion program that engages Tiwi youth who are at risk of entering the criminal justice system in prevention activities, such as a youth justice conference, school, cultural activities, sport and recreation (early intervention and diversion). - Woorabinda Early Intervention Panel Coordination Service (Queensland) - a program to assess needs and make referrals for young Indigenous people and their families who are at risk or have offended and have complex needs (early intervention and diversion). - Aggression Replacement Training (Queensland) - a 10 week group cognitive-behavioural program to control anger and develop pro-social skills, delivered to Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth assessed as 'at risk' of offending or reoffending (early intervention and tertiary intervention with offenders to reduce risk of reoffending). For each program, the evaluation team developed a 'program logic', identifying the activities and goals of the program, and how it articulates within a broader framework of criminal justice prevention. This informed the design of the evaluation and the approach to collecting both qualitative data (from young people participating in the program, program staff, family, or other service providers/community members) and quantitative data to identify any effects of the program on individuals, or the broader community. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014. 146p. Source: Internet Resource: AIC Reports: Special Report: Accessed January 15, 2015 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/special/005/Indigenous-Youth-Justice-Programs-Evaluation.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/special/005/Indigenous-Youth-Justice-Programs-Evaluation.pdf Shelf Number: 134409 Keywords: AboriginalsAlternatives to IncarcerationAt-Risk YouthEvidence-Based ProgramsIndigenous PeoplesJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice SystemJuvenile Offenders (Australia)Treatment Programs |
Author: Beardslee, Jordan Bechtold Title: Under the Radar or Under Arrest: How Does Contact with the Juvenile Justice System Affect Delinquency and Academic Outcomes? Summary: Although many studies have found that arrested youth are more likely than non-arrested youth to experience later maladjustment, methodological limitations restrict the generalizations of prior work. Perhaps the most noteworthy limitation in prior work is the possibility of selection effects, with arrested youth likely to have very different psychological and behavioral profiles pre-justice system contact than non-arrested youth. This leaves us wondering whether the observed maladjustment is due to the type of adolescent who comes to the attention of law enforcement or due the type of justice system interventions that arrested youth experience. This study overcomes these limitations by comparing the outcomes of demographically similar male adolescents who have committed the same crimes but who differ with regard to whether they were "caught" for their crimes. Using propensity score matching to compare arrested and non-arrested youth, I investigated whether contact with the justice system does, in fact, contribute to school-related outcomes, substance use, and delinquency and whether these relations vary based on whether arrested youth are formally processed or diverted from the system. When selection effects are taken into consideration, results indicate that contact with the juvenile justice system does not have a universally harmful effect on development. Diversion (informally processing youth) actually deters future offending, school misconduct, school truancy, and school suspensions. However, both diverted and formally processed youth, regardless of their actual antisocial and illegal behavior, are more likely than no-contact youth to be arrested during the study period, according to official court records. The risk of re-arrest is highest for formally processed youth. Formally processed youth are also more likely than no-contact and diverted youth to be transferred to an alternative or continuation school. Taken together, results suggest that increased justice system surveillance might improve school performance and deter offending, but it also might lead to more contact with the system. Although an adolescent's first arrest might lead to positive outcomes in the immediate future, the effects of subsequent contacts are unknown. As such, the data suggest that the default policy should be to divert low-level first-time offenders and keep the justice system's involvement to a minimum. Details: Irvine, CA: University of California, Irvine, 2014. 201p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed January 31, 2015 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248533.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248533.pdf Shelf Number: 134511 Keywords: Juvenile ArrestsJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice SystemJuvenile Offenders (U.S.)Recidivism |
Author: Flowers, Angelyn S. Title: Time Dollar Youth Court: 2010 Evaluation Final Report Summary: The Time Dollar Youth Court (TDYC) is a juvenile diversion program in the District of Columbia designed for first-time non-violent offenders. The central component of its intervention strategy is its peer jury process. TDYC envisions itself, not simply as a peer jury program, but as a peer jury where the jurors are offenders performing jury service as part of their sanction. This evaluation examined the effectiveness of service as peer jurors. Data on 882 TDYC participants who were in the program between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2010 was analyzed. A mixture of methods was utilized in this evaluation design including qualitative, quantitative, and linguistic and sentiment analysis. A multi-stage process with a convenience sample was used. This included self-administered surveys and interviews. Relationships between participation in TDYC jury duty service with self-efficacy and civic engagement were examined using life-skills, community involvement, future aspirations, and participant perception of jury duty service. The strongest relationships were found in the life-skills category. Very strong direct relationships were found between the TDYC peer juror experience and the following variables: - Goal Setting and goal achievement (Pearson r = .98) - Problem solving (Pearson r = .95) - Decision making (Pearson r =.95) - Academics and learning (Pearson r = .88) Strong direct relationships were found between the TDYC peer juror experience and four variables, three of which were in the community involvement category: - Been mentored (Pearson r = .81) - Gained new friends from community involvement (Pearson r = .79) - Mentored someone (Pearson r = .76) - Communications skills (Pearson r = .71) The lowest life-skills category variables were: self-esteem which was moderately strong (Pearson r = .56) and social competencies which was only weakly related (Pearson r = .25). The lowest variables in the community involvement category were: having a leadership role in a community organization which was weak (Pearson r = .34) and belief that their community was important, which had a negative inverse relationship (Pearson r = -.04). In the life skills area the categories of goal setting and achievement, problem-solving, and decision-making were statistically significant at p = < .05 with a greater than 95% probability that the differences found between those participants at the beginning of their TDYC peer jury duty service and those who had completed their jury duty service were not due to chance and could therefore be inferred to apply to the entire 2009 - 2010 TDYC participant cohort. The categories of academics and learning, communications, and social competency were statistically significant at p = < .01 with a greater than 99% probability that any differences found could be inferred to apply to the larger population. The self-esteem category was not found to be statistically significant. With the exception of belief in the importance of their community and having a leadership role in a community organization, all of the other variables in community involvement were statistically significant at p = < .05. The excepted variables were not found to be statistically significant. The correlation with goal setting and goal achievement and TDYC peer jury experience was also demonstrated by the reduction in the disparity between aspirations and identification of a strategy for achieving those aspirations for those participants who were farthest along in their peer juror service experience. A sentiment analysis of TDYC participant comments on their service as peer jurors revealed feelings that were primarily positive with some neutral feelings, but no negative feelings. Details: Washington, DC: Angelyn S. Flowers, 2010. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 20, 2015 at: http://www.globalyouthjustice.org/uploads/Washington_DC_s_Time_Dollar_Youth_Court.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.globalyouthjustice.org/uploads/Washington_DC_s_Time_Dollar_Youth_Court.pdf Shelf Number: 135277 Keywords: Juvenile Courts (U.S.)Juvenile DiversionPeer JuriesPeer JurorsYouth Courts |
Author: National Disability Rights Network Title: Orphanages, Training Schools, Reform Schools and Now This? Summary: Children with disabilities are disproportionately placed in the juvenile justice system, receive inadequate treatment and are denied educational opportunities, the National Disability Rights Network asserted in a report released today. "More than 65 percent of youth in the justice system meet the criteria for a disability, a rate that is three times higher than that of the general population," said Curt Decker, NDRN's executive director. "The millions we spend housing and feeding our young people behind razor wire can be far better spent helping them to find their way in this world." The findings in Orphanages, Training Schools, Reform Schools and Now This? are based upon scores of reports from the nationwide Protection and Advocacy (P&A) System. P&As provide legal and other advocacy services to children and youth with disabilities in the juvenile justice system, and also maintain a presence in the facilities in which they are found, including prisons, jails, and detention centers. P&As have the legal authority to monitor and investigate allegations of abuse in these facilities. Issues addressed in this report include: Diversion of children and youth with disabilities from the juvenile justice system (particularly stemming the "School to Prison Pipeline"), humane conditions while incarcerated (such as accommodation and communication needs, medical care, mental health treatment, and the prevention of abuse and neglect) and re-entry services like education and treatment to ensure the child or youth's success upon release from the facility. The report describes the problems children and youth with disabilities encounter, solutions used with success by the P&As, and provides specific recommendations for systemic improvements. Some of those recommendations include: -Congress should authorize and fund a Protection and Advocacy for Juvenile Justice Program to help divert youth with disabilities from entering the juvenile justice system, investigate and monitor conditions for youth with disabilities in the juvenile justice system, and ensure proper return to the community with needed services and supports. -Congress should prohibit the use of solitary confinement and/or isolation for all juveniles, including those housed in adult settings. -Congress should require that schools identified as having elevated school-based arrest rates: 1) lose the opportunity to use federal funds to employ School Resource Officers (SROs); 2) ensure SROs work is limited to traditional police activities and not discipline of non- violent student behavior; and, 3) require SROs in those schools to undergo training in specific, related topics. -The U.S. Department of Education (ED) and Department of Justice (DOJ) should fully enforce laws requiring that education of youth in facilities is equal to that provided to students in other public schools. Details: Washington, DC: National Disability Rights Center, 2015. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 8, 2015 at: http://www.ndrn.org/images/Documents/Issues/Juvenile_Justice/NDRN_-_Juvenile_Justice_Report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://www.ndrn.org/images/Documents/Issues/Juvenile_Justice/NDRN_-_Juvenile_Justice_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 135922 Keywords: DisabilityJuvenile DetentionJuvenile DiversionJuvenile InmatesJuvenile Justice SystemJuvenile Offenders |
Author: South Australia. Attorney-General's Department. Office of Crime Statistics and Research Title: Caution versus conference referral: a comparison of police diversion in reducing re-contact by first-time Indigenous juvenile offenders in South Australia Summary: The over-representation of Indigenous young people in the criminal justice system remains a significant social justice and public policy issue in Australia. It has been suggested that an increased use of effective police diversion can reduce Indigenous over-representation. Diversion can be defined as the practice of diverting young people from entering or continuing into the formal criminal justice system and commonly involves pre-court processes and programs. Two of the most frequently used methods of diversion in South Australia are formal police cautioning and family conferencing. While a number of studies have investigated the effectiveness of diversion in reducing re-offending by Indigenous juveniles, only Cunningham (2007) and Allard et al. (2009) have investigated the effectiveness of formal police cautioning and family conferencing in reducing re-offending by first-time Indigenous juvenile offenders (F-TIJOs). However, these two studies report conflicting findings and contain notable methodological limitations, including: (i) short follow-up periods, (ii) failure to track re-offending into adulthood, (iii) small sample sizes, (iv) failure to examine more than two recidivism outcomes, and (v) risks of bias due to failure to control for significant predictors of re-offending and failure to analyse data on intention to treat. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two methods of diversion; cautioning and referral to conferencing, in reducing re-contact by F-TIJOs using methods to overcome the limitations of previous research. To address these methodological limitations the current study (i) employed a follow-up period of 24 months for each offender regardless of whether this period extended into the adult justice system, (ii) analysed four recidivism outcomes, (iii) analysed data on intention to treat, and (iv) employed propensity score matching to control for significant predictors of re-offending. The following research question was examined: (1) Did the proportion of F-TIJOs who re-contacted with police within 24 months differ between those who received a formal police caution and those who received a referral to a family conference? For those who re-contacted within 24 months, the following research questions were also examined: (2) Did the frequency of re-contact differ between F-TIJOs who received a formal police caution and those who received a referral to a family conference?, (3) Did the seriousness of first re-contact differ between F-TIJOs who received a formal police caution and those who received a referral to a family conference?, and (4) Did time to re-contact differ between F-TIJOs who received a formal police caution and those who received a referral to a family conference? Details: Adelaide: Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2015. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2016 at: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/research_reports/OCSAR_Research_Report_Caution_vs_Conference_Referral.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/research_reports/OCSAR_Research_Report_Caution_vs_Conference_Referral.pdf Shelf Number: 138202 Keywords: Family ConferencingIndigenous PeoplesJuvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersPolice Cautioning |
Author: National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Title: Strengthening Our Future: Key Elements to Developing a Trauma-Informed Juvenile Justice Diversion Program for Youth with Behavioral Health Conditions Summary: Developed by the National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice (NCMHJJ) and the Technical Assistance Collaborative, Inc. (TAC) as part of the 2014-15 Policy Academy-Action Network Initiative, this report: - presents the current understanding of child trauma in the context of juvenile justice - identifies 9 implementation domains essential to achieving a trauma-informed juvenile justice diversion approach, and - highlights case examples from each state involved in the initiative (Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Tennessee). Details: Delmar, NY: Policy Research Associates, Inc., National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice, 2016. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2016 at: http://www.ncmhjj.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/traumadoc012216-reduced-003.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncmhjj.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/traumadoc012216-reduced-003.pdf Shelf Number: 138209 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationCommunity-Based TreatmentJuvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersMental Health Services |
Author: Northern Ireland Criminal Justice Inspection Title: Monitoring of Progress on Implementation of the Youth Justice Review Recommendations Summary: Reducing the number of children entering the criminal justice system and dealing more appropriately and effectively with those that do, were the main goals of the Youth Justice Review. This report, the second of two by Criminal Justice Inspection Northern Ireland, examines whether we are any closer to the youth justice system envisaged when the review team reported in 2011. As a general observation on recent criminal justice reform programmes, it is very hard to maintain momentum on recommendations, especially those which require the collaboration and support of other Northern Ireland Executive departments. Some of the recommendations within the Youth Justice Review are less relevant now than when they were made, and some were unrealistic in expecting the delivery of both the spirit and letter of what was intended. Legislative changes envisaged by the Review Team have been frustrated by a lack of political consensus and the opportunities for progress within the lifetime of the current Northern Ireland Assembly are limited. The criminal justice system is changing before our eyes and it is important that in any assessment of progress, we factor in the fiscal challenges and current operating environment. The Department of Justice's target of 90% achievement of recommendations has not been met however, it is the nature of some that have been achieved which, in my view, deserve special mention. We should acknowledge that no child has been held in an adult prison for the last four years. Fewer children are being committed to youth custody, and the age and offending profile of those who are, means that we are dealing with the most difficult and disturbed young people. Details: Belfast: Criminal Justice Inspectorate, 2015. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 14, 2016 at: http://www.cjini.org/CJNI/files/35/355260de-ceb0-43f8-ad83-e91fee363dd1.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cjini.org/CJNI/files/35/355260de-ceb0-43f8-ad83-e91fee363dd1.pdf Shelf Number: 138226 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice ReformJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Kotze, Kevin Title: More Care Less Court: Keeping Youth out of the Criminal Justice System Summary: New Brunswick's rate of youth charged for criminal offences has been decreasing since the enactment of Canada's youth crime legislation, the Youth Criminal Justice Act, in 2002. Yet still nearly a decade passed in our Province without corresponding progress being made in regard to the number of youths being sent to pre-trial detention and secure custody. Far too often it is the most vulnerable youths who are caught in the system - youths with mental health disorders, youths with addictions issues, youths with backgrounds as victims of abuse and neglect; homeless youth; youth with intellectual disabilities; youths from marginalized or minority identity groups. The good news is that New Brunswick has in the past few years begun to make real progress in youth criminal justice issues. The RCMP and their Community Program Officers, as well as municipal police forces, began to lead the way by increasingly diverting youth away from court and toward supports that can reduce their risk of further involvement in crime. However, it takes the work of many different stakeholders to address youth crime effectively, and it takes a system that is built to be responsive to the developmental needs of youth. Very recently, government's Provincial Crime Prevention and Reduction Strategy has worked with police and civil society to produce a Youth Diversion Model that addresses some of the root causes of youth crime. The model is in line with a shift toward an evidence-based child-rights focus that reflects not just what is easiest but what works best. This work deserves praise and holds much promise, but we must bear in mind it is only the beginning of the necessary shift. Much work is still to be done to keep youth from crime. Pre-trial detention rates and secure custody rates remain unduly high. Youth admissions to correction services as a whole in New Brunswick remain higher per capita than other provinces. Reaction must be in proportion to the gravity of the offence. Sentencing should be for the shortest time possible. Community-based sentences should be the usual route. Incarceration should be a last resort, normally reserved for serious violent offences. Only in the most serious cases should youth have to await trial while detained at the detention and secure custody facility. If New Brunswick can take a child-rights approach in all areas involving children and youth, we can lead the way in providing the means to allow children to develop positive senses of how they feel, think and act. This is what will keep youth out of the criminal justice system. The More Care Less Court report seeks to provide an overview of the youth criminal justice system in New Brunswick generally, and shed some light on some of the most apparent problems with the system. The report's recommendations intend to support the work of the Provincial Crime Prevention and Reduction Strategy, and suggest necessary improvements to the youth criminal justice system. Details: Fredericton, NB: Office of the Child and Youth Advocate, 2015. 173p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 16, 2016 at: https://www.gnb.ca/0073/Child-YouthAdvocate/MCLC-PAMP/MoreCareLessCourt.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Canada URL: https://www.gnb.ca/0073/Child-YouthAdvocate/MCLC-PAMP/MoreCareLessCourt.pdf Shelf Number: 138251 Keywords: At-Risk YouthDelinquency PreventionJuvenile DelinquencyJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice ReformJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Pittsburgh Foundation Title: A Qualitative Study of Youth and the Juvenile Justice System. A 100 Percent Pittsburgh Pilot Project Summary: An eight-month study by The Pittsburgh Foundation has found that youth involved with the Allegheny County juvenile justice system could play a much greater role in shaping prevention and diversion programs. The report also recommends addressing disproportionate system involvement by youth of color, particularly girls, and that youth have a seat the table with human services staffs, law-enforcement authorities and school officials. The Foundation's study also calls for schools to reform discipline policies and cultivate race-positive curriculum and advocates for changes to court-related fees and restitution policies, which can leave some youth trapped in the system. Details: Pittsburgh, PA: The Foundation, 2017. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2017 at: https://pittsburghfoundation.org/sites/default/files/100%20Percent%20Pittsburgh%20--%20Youth%20and%20Juvenile%20Justice%20Report.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://pittsburghfoundation.org/sites/default/files/100%20Percent%20Pittsburgh%20--%20Youth%20and%20Juvenile%20Justice%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 141092 Keywords: Disproportionate Minority Contact Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice Reform Juvenile Justice Systems School Discipline |
Author: Salisbury, Emily J. Title: Youth Victims of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Clark County Juvenile Court: Implementing an Identification and Diversion Process Summary: Rationale for InterCSECt Children in custody settings frequently have characteristics that parallel those of victims of commercial sexual exploitation (CSEC). With this in mind, detention officers and probation counselors often have more interaction with possible victims than other agencies providing youth services. Implementing a screening protocol at the time of intake provides detention officers the opportunity to intervene and break the cycle of victimization. This identification process has successfully identified victims, increased victim access to community services and legal advocates, and assisted law enforcement in holding the abusers accountable. Most importantly, this provides an opportunity to acknowledge the victimization of these youth and present them an opportunity to escape a traumatic and violent cycle. In this vein, the InterCSECt protocol and referral process is intentionally advocacy centered. Services offered to suspected or confirmed victims are voluntary. InterCSECt Instrument and Protocol The instrument is a brief, semi-structured interview asking non-invasive questions that reflect common characteristics among sexually exploited youth. Questions focus on a child’s runaway history (looking for chronic runaways), the number and location of contacts with law enforcement (self-reported and confirmed through official record), and current living situation (focus on unwillingness to provide address, "couch-surfing," boyfriends, etc.). Additionally, the tool incorporates a behavioral observation component to assist in identifying potential cues of victimization, such as excessive cash, hotel keys, tattoos, brands, officer report, arrest location, associates, and/or concerning comments made by youth. InterCSECt emphasizes the importance of mandatory reporting, focusing on any and all physical or sexual abuse reported during the intake process. The presence of risk factors would result in an immediate referral to trauma-informed advocates. Advocates subsequently collaborate with suspected or confirmed victims (with her/his consent), and connect with services using an established case management, wraparound process with a multidisciplinary team. It is critical that the case management and referral process be established prior to implementation of the InterCSECt instrument in order to ensure services are available, thus minimizing harm to possible victims. The multidisciplinary team is comprised of representatives from law enforcement, medical (SANE Nurses), mental health, juvenile justice, advocacy, shelter, and education (SRO's). Members of this team will receive education and training on CSEC and the InterCSECt protocol. Details: Portland, OR: Criminal Justice Policy Research Institute, Portland State University, 2011. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 3, 2017 at: https://www.pdx.edu/cjpri/sites/www.pdx.edu.cjpri/files/DMST%20CCJC%20Report-Without%20Appendices_0.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.pdx.edu/cjpri/sites/www.pdx.edu.cjpri/files/DMST%20CCJC%20Report-Without%20Appendices_0.pdf Shelf Number: 144705 Keywords: Child Sexual Exploitation Child Trafficking Human Trafficking Juvenile DiversionVictims of Trafficking |
Author: Nochajski, Thomas H. Title: Hillside Children's Center: Livingston County Youth Court and Community Services Evaluation Summary: From 2008 to 2010, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Social Work conducted an evaluation of the Hillside Children's Center - Community Service Livingston County Youth Court (LCYC) program. Analyses focused on the recidivism (readmission) rates of children ages 12-17 who participated in their program. A particular strength of this evaluation is the use of a mixed method design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data elements. Additionally, the ability to integrate research and clinical practice with client outcomes provides an added strength to this evaluation, ultimately building the knowledge base in an effort to more appropriately meet the needs of the children and adolescents that Hillside Children's Center serves. Based on the initial goals and the interest in having enough allotted time to track follow-up recidivism rates, prospective data was not collected for this evaluation. Beginning in the year 2006, participants entered the LCYC and continued receiving services until 2008. Following discharge, the year of 2009 serves as the follow-up period for this evaluation. With a vast amount of rich data, pretest information utilized for this evaluation was collected by Hillside Children's Center which included program participant information. Additionally, information was collected from Livingston County Probation (Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument [YASI] Recidivism information) and Livingston County Department of Social Services (LC-DSS) (Placement information). The qualitative data collection component of this evaluation consisted of either a face-to-face or a telephone interview, and included multiple sources: LCYC participants and their parents, LCYC volunteers and their parents, LC Probation, and Hillside Children's Center staff. Due to constraints based on the relatively low rates of recidivism and placement, the available size of the sample was quite small, which perhaps reduces the power to detect significant differences between the groups, essentially elevating the risk for Type I errors. As a result, information on marginal trends (p<.25) is also presented. Because of limited power and the increased chance of causality related to a random occurrence, evaluators considered nearly all other potential elements or variables that may help improve existing Hillside Children's Center programs, with the understanding that these factors will need to be evaluated further. This information could perhaps point to areas of future investigation, in addition to potentially saving time, effort, and monetary costs associated with future data collection. The current evaluation utilized data from 120 participants, of which 55 were LCYC participants and 65 were Community Service Only (CSO) participants. To increase the accuracy of comparisons and results, the two groups were matched on age and gender. Although evaluators were unable to locate a true control group of juvenile offenders who did not experience LCYC or community services in Livingston County, which is the reason for use of the CSO as the comparison, information was found for comparison groups from various other states that were included in an evaluation of teen courts from 2002. While not ideal, the addition of these comparison groups in this evaluation does provide some useful information concerning recidivism among youth. Lastly, evaluators also considered cost-effectiveness of the LCYC program using recidivism and placement rates as the results or outcomes of interest. For purposes of this executive summary, the Livingston County Youth Court group will be referred to as LCYC, and the Community Services Program Only group will be referred to as CSO. Details: Buffalo, NY: State University of New York at Buffalo, 2010. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 4, 2017 at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54231470e4b00cb5c6464dc7/t/547d4e82e4b0756a4a5d2c35/1417498242299/Youth+court+evaluation+_1110.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54231470e4b00cb5c6464dc7/t/547d4e82e4b0756a4a5d2c35/1417498242299/Youth+court+evaluation+_1110.pdf Shelf Number: 147547 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationCommunity ServicesJuvenile CourtJuvenile DiversionJuvenile OffendersJuvenile ProbationRecidivismYouth Court |
Author: Schweitzer Smith,, Myrinda Title: Reinventing Juvenile Justice: Examining the Effectiveness of the Targeted RECLAIM Initiative Summary: The juvenile justice system has had a place in America since the late 19th century. While the goal has always been to reform wayward youth, the system has implemented various strategies over the years. During a growing movement in the 80s to "get tough" on crime, the country relied heavily on state run institutions and experienced a steady rise in the number of incarcerated youth. Ohio was no exception to this "get tough" movement, with thousands of youth in the custody of the Ohio Department of Youth Services (DYS) by the mid-90s. Ohio's response to the mass incarceration of youth ultimately led to a unique large-scale reform movement. This movement included initiatives that ranged from providing incentives to local courts to serve youth locally, creating and implementing a standardized risk assessment tool, and providing evidence-based services for youth. Among these reform initiatives, was Targeted RECLAIM; the focus of this study. The goal of Targeted RECLAIM was to further reduce admissions to DYS by providing juveniles with evidence-based services in their local community as alternatives to incarceration. Targeted RECLAIM initially targeted the six largest counties in Ohio, but since expanded to now include 15 counties across the state of Ohio. This study examined whether Targeted RECLAIM has been successful in reducing commitments to DYS and ultimately diverting youth from state institutions. The data revealed that Targeted RECLAIM appeared to have an effect on the number of youth committed to DYS and moreover, that youth could be effectively diverted without compromising public safety. The study also determined that the diverted youth were not simply being placed in a CCF or waived to the adult system as a way to undermine the goal of Targeted RECLAIM. Finally, conclusions were drawn so that the results might inform juvenile justice systems on how to work towards ending the problem of mass incarceration. Details: Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, 2016. 126p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed April 25, 2018 at: http://cech.uc.edu/content/dam/cech/programs/criminaljustice/Docs/Dissertations/schweiml.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://cech.uc.edu/content/dam/cech/programs/criminaljustice/Docs/Dissertations/schweiml.pdf Shelf Number: 149888 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationJuvenile DiversionJuvenile JusticeJuvenile Justice ReformJuvenile OffendersMass Incarceration |
Author: Illinois Mental Health Opportunities for Youth Division Task Force Title: Stemming the Tide: Diverting Youth With Mental Health Conditions from the Illinois Juvenile Justice System Summary: All young people deserve the resources and support needed to secure both physical and mental health. But unfortunately, in Illinois youth are being thrust into our criminal justice system without regard to their mental health needs. While the overall number of youth who are jailed or incarcerated in Illinois has declined over the last few years, those living with mental health conditions are still entering the criminal justice system at higher rates. Of the thousands of youth arrests and admissions to local jails in Illinois each year, approximately 70 percent meet diagnostic criteria for having a mental health condition, and at least 20 percent live with a serious mental health condition. In 2017, the General Assembly created the Illinois Mental Health Opportunities for Youth Diversion Task Force-including experts from the Shriver Center-to develop an action plan for implementing new or expanded diversion programs aimed at youth living with mental health conditions. The Task Force's new report, Stemming the Tide, lays out a roadmap to build a better system in Illinois and help kids get the support they need. This requires a shift toward community-based mental health services, not only to improve outcomes for our youth but so Illinois can focus greater attention on violent offenders and improve public safety. With these improvements, youth with mental health conditions can get on the road to recovery that helps prevent further contact with the justice system and return to school, work, and family. Details: Chicago: NAMI, 2018. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2018 at: http://povertylaw.org/files/docs/stemming-the-tide-final.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: http://povertylaw.org/files/docs/stemming-the-tide-final.pdf Shelf Number: 150054 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile OffendersMental IllnessMentally Ill OffendersMentally Ill Persons |
Author: Goemann, Melissa Title: New Zealand's Youth Justice Transformation: Lessons for the United States Summary: New Zealand is a leader in the use of restorative justice practices in their youth justice system. The country dramatically downsized their youth justice system through groundbreaking legislation which incorporated rehabilitation as the system's fundamental focus. Today over 75% of youth who come in contact with the police are handled through police warnings or diversion. We spent time analyzing their justice transformation process -- including their successes and challenges -- and have translated these findings into important lessons for the U.S. The lessons include: the need to legislate limits around arrest and charging; diverting as many youth as possible; using restorative justice processes for handling youth with more serious cases; and placing those most harmed by the system must at the forefront of changing it. Details: Washington, D.C.: The National Juvenile Justice Network, 2018. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 4, 2018 at: Accessed June 4, 2018 at: http://www.njjn.org/uploads/digital-library/New%20Zealand's%20Youth%20Justice%20Transformation%20--%20Lessons%20for%20the%20United%20States_4.26.18..pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.njjn.org/uploads/digital-library/New%20Zealand's%20Youth%20Justice%20Transformation%20--%20Lessons%20for%20the%20United%20States_4.26.18..pdf Shelf Number: 150463 Keywords: Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders Restorative Justice |
Author: Wilson, David B. Title: Police-initiated diversion for youth to prevent future delinquent behavior: A systematic review Summary: Police-led diversion of low-risk youth reduces their future contact with the justice system Police-led diversion of low-risk youth who come into contact with the justice system is more effective in reducing a youth's future contact with the justice system compared to traditional processing. What is this review about? Youth misconduct and misbehavior is a normal part of adolescence and that misbehavior sometimes crosses the line from disruptive or problematic to delinquent. Nationally representative surveys of youth in the USA have indicated that minor delinquent behavior is normative, particularly for boys. The normative nature of minor delinquent behavior raises the question of how police should respond to minor delinquent behavior in a way that is corrective, but also avoids involving the youth in the criminal justice system beyond what will be effective in reducing future misbehavior. Police diversion schemes are a collection of strategies police can apply as an alternative to court processing of youth. Diversion as an option is popular among law enforcement officers, as it provides an option between ignoring youth engaged in minor wrongdoing and formally charging such youth with a crime. Police-led diversion has the potential to reduce reoffending by limiting the exposure of low-risk youth to potentially harmful effects of engagement with the criminal justice system. This review examined whether police-led diversion and traditional processing of youth have different effects on rates of official delinquency. Details: Oslo: Campbell Collaboration, 2018. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: A Campbell Systematic Review 2018:5: Accessed June 5, 2018 at: https://campbellcollaboration.org/library/police-initiated-diversion-to-prevent-future-delinquent-behaviour.html Year: 2018 Country: International URL: https://campbellcollaboration.org/library/police-initiated-diversion-to-prevent-future-delinquent-behaviour.html Shelf Number: 150466 Keywords: At-Risk YouthDelinquency PreventionJuvenile DelinquentsJuvenile Diversion |
Author: British Association for Adoption and Fostering Title: Alternatives to Custody: Developing specialist fostering for children in conflict with the law. The Alternatives to Custody Project - Europe Summary: he majority of European countries provide informal ways of dealing with youth offending through diversionary measures, and by giving priority to alternative sanctions over deprivation of liberty. But the practice is variable, and in many countries custodial sentences are far too common. What role could foster care play in response to juvenile offending? At present, it has a limited role and in the majority of countries there are no legal provisions for foster care as a response to offending, or the provisions exist but are not applied in practice. However, fostering can play a critically important role in delivering child-friendly justice, offering a direct alternative to custody by providing safe care, nurturing relationships, boundaries and structured care giving. With contributions from experts from across the European Union, this book explores these issues in depth. It is one of the main outcomes of a two-year pan-European project, funded by the European Commission's Daphne III programme, on developing intensive and remand fostering programmes for young people in conflict with the law, who might otherwise be in custody. The first part sets out a context and examines the limited role that foster care currently plays in youth justice, and the potential for its greatly expanded use. An overview sets out the key international and European juvenile justice and children's rights standards, the EU policy context, and the components found in effective youth justice systems, including prevention, diversion and community-level services. The second part contains policy overviews from Italy, Bulgaria, England and Hungary, containing each country's achievements, needs and shortcomings in youth justice, and an assessment of the prospects for implementing an extended role for foster care in youth justice in the future. Chapters on setting up and operating a fostering service for children in conflict with the law and setting out a quality standards framework offer practical tools. A training programme to prepare and train prospective foster carers for the task of fostering children in conflict with the law comprises the third section. Presented in a clear and practical way, it offers a preparation course that is informative and equips prospective foster carers with knowledge and skills. Alternatives to Custody makes a powerful case for the role that intensive and remand fostering can play to bring about significant positive effects for young people in conflict with the law, and is essential reading for policy makers and practitioners involved in fostering and youth justice services Details: London: BAAF, 2015. 240p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 6, 2019 at: http://www.csagyi.hu/en/researches-projects/archive/alternatives-to-custody-for-young-offenders/item/1060-alternatives-to-custody-developing-specialist-fostering-for-children-in-conflict-with-the-law Year: 2015 Country: Europe URL: http://www.csagyi.hu/en/researches-projects/archive/alternatives-to-custody-for-young-offenders/item/1060-alternatives-to-custody-developing-specialist-fostering-for-children-in-conflict-with-the-law Shelf Number: 154828 Keywords: Alternatives to Custody Alternatives to Incarceration Foster Care Juvenile Delinquents Juvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders |